Traditional Men’s Attire
This costume represents the typical form of dress worn by the Greeks of Alaya in the early 20th century. The ensemble combines insular, Asia Minor, and mainland influences, with pronounced elements of social prestige and practicality.
1. Headscarf and Fez
The base is the red fez, a symbol of identity in Asia Minor and also an obligatory head covering following the Ottoman reforms. From the fez hangs a black tassel, usually of silk. Beneath the fez a white cloth headscarf (or *tsouloufi*) is placed, absorbing perspiration and protecting the fabric.
2. The Poukamisa (Shirt)
White cotton, with a standing collar and a small opening at the chest. Its simplicity contrasted with the more elaborate outer garments, indicating practicality.
3. The Waistcoat – Zibouni
One of the most important components, made of black woollen cloth and richly decorated with black *neraidogemisi* cordwork and tassels, with embroidered banded, vegetal, or symmetrical motifs. The ornamentation is tone-on-tone (black on black), a technique requiring considerable skill. This waistcoat clearly reflects the influence of the urban centres of Asia Minor.
4. The Overcoat – Black Kapota / Short Cape
Woolen, heavy, with an exterior pile. An informal yet elegant garment, serving both as protection from the cold and as a symbol of prestige. Its length reaches the waist, allowing the volume of the trousers to take prominence.
5. The Vraka (Baggy Trousers)
The characteristic black *vraka* is perhaps the most recognisable element. Made of a substantial fabric, with deep pleats and generous volume, it allows ease of movement in everyday and occupational activities (sailors, farmers, artisans). Its use in black is particularly characteristic of the coastal regions of Asia Minor.
6. The Belt – Woven Zonarás
The belt is loom-woven, with vertical stripes in red, pink, purple, green, and white. It was wrapped several times around the waist and held personal items, such as a knife and a tobacco pouch. The large tassel on one side indicates influences from the eastern coast and the commercial centres of Asia Minor.
7. The Boots – Embroidered *Kaltsantóres* / Footwear
High black boots with raised embroidery on the leather or heavy fabric. The motifs are vegetal and symmetrical, often executed in thread embroidery. They were typically made to order and served as a marker of social status.
